PNA probe types
Unlabeled PNA
-N-terminus free amine
-N-terminus acetylation
Labeled PNA
-N-terminus and C-terminus labeling
-Dual labeling
Modified PNA
Amino acid modified other appropriate functional group modification
Alpha or Gamma PNA
-Multi-labeled PNA backbone
-PNA backbone additional functions
Design guidelines
1. PNA has high binding affinity, and 13~18 bases would be adequate.
2. Purine-rich sequences tend to aggregate and have low solubility
-Purine content limit: 80%(It is recommended to keep it lower than 60%)
-Avoid purine stretch over 5 residues
3. To improve solubility, solubility enhancers such as O linker(eg linker), E linker, X linker, lysines, etc. can be incorporated into the base sequence.
4. For N-terminus labeling, add O linker, etc. to PNA and fluorescence labeling to avoid influence of labeled molecules during hybridization.
5. For C-terminus labeling, add lysines or L-cysteines to C-terminus.
Types of labeling materials
Labeling material | λads(nm) | λem(nm) | Labeling material | λads(nm) | λem(nm) |
FAM,FITC | 492 | 518 | OregonGreen488 | 498 | 526 |
TAMRA | 553 | 576 | AlexaFluor488 | 494 | 517 |
TexasRed | 592 | 614 | AlexaFluor532 | 530 | 555 |
TO | 510 | 530 | Cy3 | 550 | 570 |
Dabcyl | 454 | – | Cy5 | 650 | 670 |
Please contact us for more fluorescent labeling materials.